Altered States

File:Altered-states-1980.jpg

Eddie Jessup: Memory is energy! It doesn't disappear - it's still in there. There's a physiological pathway to our earlier consciousnesses. There has to be; and I'm telling you it's in the goddamned limbic system. Mason Parrish: You're a whacko! Eddie Jessup: What's whacko about it, Mason? I'm a man in search of his True Self. How archetypically American can you get? We're all trying to fulfill ourselves, understand ourselves, get in touch with ourselves, face the reality of ourselves, explore ourselves, expand ourselves. Ever since we dispensed with God we've got nothing but ourselves to explain this meaningless horror of life.

Emily Jessup: He doesn't love me. He never loved me. I was never real to him. Nothing in the human experience is real to him.

Warning: This Synopsis is spoiler-heavy.

Altered States is a 1980 film (which some have called a vicarious LSD Experience) by directed by Ken Russell (who took up the project of adapting Paddy Chayefsky's novel for the screen after the first director quit due to creative differences with Chayefsky).

The film takes places over several years, following the life of Eddie Jessup (William Hurt), a brilliant research scientist who believes that altered states of consciousness are as real as every day reality, and investigates the religious experience in schizophrenics. He and his friend and fellow scientist Arthur, played by Bob Balaban, experiment with altered states of consciousness using isolation tank studies. Jessup marries a Hot Scientist (hot physical anthropologist, actually), Emily, played by Blair Brown. They have a child together, but the marriage is strained by her groundedness and his wild, out-there intellectual passions.

During a marital separation, she travels to Africa to study baboons while he goes to Mexico and participates in a mushroom ceremony with a tribe of natives called the Hinchi Indians. On the mushroom drug, Eddie experiences a kind of jumbled psychological regression to the first soul- that spark of consciousness which he believes gave rise to all creation, from the Big Bang to the origin of life on Earth. He takes the drug back to the United States for testing, where he intensifies the effects of the mushroom chemicals with sensory deprivation. He emerges from one test mentally regressed, unable to speak except for primitive grunts and clicks. An X-ray reveals Simian characteristics. Jessup is convinced that he de-differentiated his genetic structure, that the altered state of his more primitive consciousness physically manifested.

Ignoring the warnings of all concerned parties, he tries it again... and emerges as a fur-covered, vicious ape-man, presumably a manifestation of the primitive hominid consciousness he contacts inside the isolation tank. He breaks out of the basement of the medical school where the isolation tank is kept, attacks a security guard, and chases a pack of wild dogs to the local zoo, where he kills and eats a raw sheep. When his humanity returns, he convinces his concerned friends to monitor one last isolation tank trip.

During the study, something happens, and the primordial consciousness of Jessup's obsession nearly destroys the laboratory. Inside the tank, Jessup regresses in a mass of primordial matter. He is only brought back to reality/modernity/whatever by his love for Emily, with whom he is last seen in bed with... both of them switching back and forth between their cognitive selves and masses of sexually ecstatic, fiery, oozy, lumpy, swirling blobs of proto-matter, while their friends argue about the validity of Jessup's experience, the scientific ramifications, and how to cover up their own foolishness. The ending is an extended metaphysical and evolutionary apocalyptic event that forces the characters and the viewer to question their own subjective experience of reality.

Tropes used in Altered States include:

• Agent Mulder: Eddie Jessup, who is ironically a lapsed Catholic/agnostic-atheist who saw visions of God as a child, and stopped after his father died. Nonetheless he is open to many other fantastic possibilities that border on supernatural (Genetic Memory, altered states of consciousness, etc...)
• Agent Scully: Two of them, actually. Emily Jessup and Mason Parrish, played by Charles Haid.
• Christianity Is Catholic: Arguably Ken Russel's insistence on adding a layer of Catholic religious allegory to the hallucinatory quest for the first soul is one of the reasons Paddy Chayefsky took his name off the film without even having seen it in its entirety.
• Creator Backlash: Paddy Chayefsky, author of the original novel, disowned this film. Allegedly he took his name off the film because of creative differences between himself and the second hired director, Ken Russel (see below.)
• The Cutie: Subverted by Blair Brown as Emily, who as a PhD in physical anthropology (she seems to be largely a primatologist or a behaviorist) still dresses like a teenager in The Sixties. Hoewever, she's a genius, and her relationship with Eddie Jessup is as much intellectual as it is sexual. She also spends a good deal of time in Africa... studying baboons, which is not the most glorious fieldwork.

• Dumb Is Good: Averted, even directly assaulted. The movie is a love ode to the self-made nobility of its intellectual characters.
• Everyone Is Jesus in Purgatory: Probably a major part of the movie's appeal.
• Everything's Better with Monkeys: Ape-like human ancestors, actually. Also, Emily is very enthusiastic about her baboons.
• Evilutionary Biologist: Averted. The Theory of Evolution is given its proper respect in this film.
• Evolving Trope: The movie must be particularly praised for its portrayal of scientists, who are for once neither evil nor completely misguided. Though Eddie Jessup proves irresponsible, making himself the test subject of an unknown drug, he has friends from within the scientific community who try to reel him in and behave appropriately with regard to scientific and personal integrity.
• Genetic Memory: Treated as Serious Business.
• Hollywood Atheist: Averted and subverted. Most of the characters lack belief in God because in their various fields they've come to value reason, evidence and discovery over faith and revelation. The interplay of Emily's and Mason's straight atheism and Eddie's more open-minded paradigm in which altered states are as real or as unreal as what we call "reality" (though Eddie is also either an atheist or an agnostic, maybe both) is a major theme. Eddie also suffers from spiritual baggage from a childhood trauma, but his openness to other fantastic concepts like genetic memory and a universal unconsciousness makes him an Agent Mulder, and thus a further subversion of the Hollywood Atheist.
• Hollywood Nerd: Eddie Jessup. Played by William Hurt. He's tall, attractive, and brilliant, but has no idea how to deal with emotions other than his own intellectual passions. That and he thinks about Jesus and Crucifixion during sex.
• Hollywood Science: De-Evolution, Lego Genetics
• Hot Scientist: Eddie's girlfriend and later, wife, Emily (played by Blair Brown)
• Instant Oracle, Just Add Water
• Mushroom Samba: And How...
• Our Time Travel Is Different: Eddie uses drugs and sensory deprivation to propel himself backward through his genetic memory, psychologically and physically regressing into a primitive hominid and later a primordial blob of proto-consciousness.
• Popcultural Osmosis: The special effects of the hallucinatory sequences have been used for Album covers, parodied in The Simpsons and South Park, and the sliding title effect was copied by James Cameron for The Terminator.
  • On top of the general Mushroom Samba Popcultural Osmosis South Park has used, it also explicitly re-used the film's ending with Cartman in "Tsst".
  • Or Charlie on Lost when Locke commences a vision quest: "I'm going to stand out here in case you devolve into a monkey."
    • J. J. Abrahms must be a fan of this movie: the pilot of Fringe is loaded with homages to Altered States in the form of Dr. Walter Bishop's shady history as a mad scientist. Even their last names are similar. Elements of Bishop's character may have been inspired by Jessop.
  • The music video of A-ha's "Take On Me" followed the scene where Eddie Jessup is slamming himself against the wall to break out of his manifested altered state and return to normal reality, only in the video the guy was trying to slam himself out of a sketched self into reality. Both were motivated by the Power of Love.
• Professor Guinea Pig: Eddie Jessop, obviously.
• Teen Genius: Eddie and Emily were both implied to be these; they received their PhD's at 25 and 24, respectively.
• The Seventies: Very effectively done without the usual tricks. Respected research scientists dress like hippies and smoke dope in their off hours, and the mavericks among them seem to be struggling with outgrowing the Drug Culture's wild promise of psychedelic salvation. We don't see any disco fashion, though Emily's flower girl wardrobe is particularly telling. The Seventies atmosphere is well done with a kinetic vibe, without feeling forced.
• Shout-Out: Heavy biblical imagery from Genesis and Revelations abounds in the hallucinatory sequences. At one point Adam and Eve are rendered as Indian cave art, pictured with a giant mushroom with a serpent coiled around it- an obvious reference to the "Tree of Knowledge." William Hurt spends time flying around on a flaming crucifix wearing a mutant, 7-eyed, four-horned goat's head.
• Truth in Television: Trust me on this one: your college professors do get high and/or uproariously drunk, argue about evolution and metaphysics. A student-teacher affair is treated relatively casually.